HMM: New York’s ELA scores soared in 2025 and crashed in 2026. The numbers tell us it may be a mistake.
The results across NYC schools look very similar – schools consistently increased a lot in 2025, then decreased about the same amount in 2026.
Let me state the obvious: data does not usually look like this. If you’re a reader of this Substack, you see the releases from states as we put them out. Outside of the pandemic, proficiency rates typically move by a couple of percentage points (or less) in a given year. Increases of 4 or 5 percentage points are notable. The huge gains in 2025 here are implausible, and they seem even more so with the decline in 2026.
The fact is, this data looks like someone made- and then fixed- a mistake. So I got curious – could we understand that mistake better? The detailed 2026 data isn’t out yet. But the mistake seems like it was made in 2025. And we do have the technical manuals from 2025 and the detailed data on scores by school, group and district. (Shout out here to the API from our Education Data Center – you, too, can make these graphs in a few minutes).
I dug into the data. Here’s what I learned.
The full report gets pretty technical, but this conclusion stands out: “We should try to train ourselves to be more skeptical of results even if we wish they were true. I, as much as anyone, would love it if introducing phonics would increase proficiency rates by 12 percentage points in a single year. But that number isn’t realistic based on what we know about testing. And this should have been figured out, and fixed, last year.”
But as even the New York Times had to admit, in creating the Mississippi Miracle, teaching phonics certainly does help.